Ontario, Canada · Curriculum spine
Grade 9
151 concepts across 7 subjects. Codes follow the ministry's own expectation numbers; where a course is broken into bites (chapter.bite), each bite names the expectations it covers.
Mathematics (MTH1W)
The Ontario Curriculum, Grade 9: Mathematics, 2021 (de-streamed) · 67 concepts
Strand A1
Social-Emotional Learning Skills and the Mathematical Processes
Persevering, managing stress, working with others, and using the mathematical processes.
- A1.1Coming soonThinking like a mathematicianUse the mathematical processes: problem solving, reasoning, reflecting, connecting, communicating, and keep going when it is hard.
Chapter 110
Chapter 1 · Numbers & Sets
Unit 1 at school (11 days). What kinds of numbers there are, how they behave, and the rules that never break.
- 1.1Free to tryCounting numbers, then zero, then the negatives: natural, whole and integer, and how the sets sit inside each other.
- 1.2Lesson readyFractions and decimals that end or repeat are rational; √2 and π are not. Plus the 5 000-year story of how we got our digits.
- 1.3Lesson readyA sign says which side of zero. Add, subtract, multiply and divide signed numbers and know why the rules hold.
- 1.4Lesson readyWrite the powers out and the exponent laws appear. Then walk the decimal point to write huge and tiny numbers.
- 1.5Lesson readyFind the target digit, look at the one after it, and let the rest go. Decimal places and significant figures.
- 1.6Lesson readyBEDMAS: brackets, exponents, then divide and multiply left to right, then add and subtract left to right.
- 1.7Lesson readyA fraction is a count of one kind of piece. Compare with common pieces; add and subtract with common denominators; flip to divide.
- 1.8Lesson readyInfinitely many is not a big number, it is a list that never ends. A limit is what a sequence gets closer and closer to.
- 1.9Lesson readyBetween any two rational numbers there is always another one. Integers do not do that.
- 1.10Lesson readyPercent is a fraction of 100; a rate is an amount for one. Not on the school's Unit 1 handout, here so nothing on the Ministry list is missed.
Chapter 212
Chapter 2 · Ratios & Exponents
Substitution, ratios and proportions, rates and percent, then every exponent law, from the very beginning. Ends with a full exam review.
- 2.1Free to tryPut each number in brackets in place of its letter, then BEDMAS. Tables of values and the distributive property.
- 2.2Lesson readyPart-to-part and part-to-whole, two- and three-term ratios, equivalent ratios, and lowest terms by the GCF.
- 2.3Lesson readyTwo equal ratios: find the missing term with the proportionality constant or by cross-multiplying; three-term proportions.
- 2.4Lesson readyAdd the parts, find one block, build each share; problems where one part is known instead of the total.
- 2.5Lesson readyRates compare different units; unit rates, best buys, conversions, exchange rates and map scales.
- 2.6Lesson readyFractions, decimals and percents; percent of a number, what percent, and finding the whole.
- 2.7Lesson readyDiscount, HST, tips, commission, markup, original price and repeated percents.
- 2.8Lesson readyBase and exponent, (−a)ⁿ versus −aⁿ, fractions to a power, and writing numbers as powers.
- 2.9Lesson readySame base: add exponents to multiply, subtract to divide; coefficients; the zero exponent.
- 2.10Lesson readyPower of a power, power of a product and power of a quotient, with coefficients and signs.
- 2.11Lesson readya⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ: flip across the fraction bar; mixing every law and writing answers with positive exponents.
- 2.12Lesson readyEvery question type from the unit, mixed, with the exam checklist.
Chapter 313
Chapter 3 · Polynomials
The words of algebra, naming and degree, like terms with algebra tiles, adding and subtracting, multiplying and dividing by a monomial, word problems and applications. Ends with an EQAO-style review.
- 3.1Free to tryVariable, coefficient, constant and term; expression versus equation.
- 3.2Lesson readyMonomial, binomial, trinomial by number of terms; writing in descending order.
- 3.3Lesson readyDegree of a term (add the exponents) and of a polynomial (the highest term).
- 3.4Lesson readySame variables and exponents = same tile shape; zero pairs; combining with tiles.
- 3.5Lesson readyGroup, add coefficients, clear double signs, simplify then evaluate; several variables.
- 3.6Lesson readyDrop the brackets and collect; the vertical method with placeholders; perimeter.
- 3.7Lesson readyFlip EVERY sign in the second bracket, then add; several variables; find the error.
- 3.8Lesson readyPerimeter of triangles, rectangles and trapezoids; races, costs and salary with commission.
- 3.9Lesson readyMonomial × monomial with the product law; the distributive property with tiles and area models.
- 3.10Lesson readyExpand every bracket then collect; negatives in front of brackets; nested brackets inside out.
- 3.11Lesson readyDivide every term; exponents subtract; check by multiplying back.
- 3.12Lesson readyArea, perimeter, shaded regions, boxes and volume; solving for x from a known perimeter.
- 3.13Lesson readyEvery question type in the unit, mixed, half of them EQAO-style.
Strand C15
Algebra
Expressions, equations, coding, and linear relations.
- C1.1Coming soonWhere an algebra idea came fromResearch the history of an algebraic concept, like the equals sign or variables.
- C1.2Coming soonWriting expressions for patternsCreate algebraic expressions that generalize a relationship shown in words, tables or diagrams.
- C1.3Coming soonAre these expressions equal?Compare expressions using properties of operations, substitution and models.
- C1.4Coming soonSimplifying expressionsCollect like terms and apply the distributive property to simplify expressions.
- C1.5Coming soonCreating and solving equationsWrite an equation for a situation, solve it, and check the solution.
- C2.1Coming soonCoding an algebra ideaWrite code that shows an algebraic concept, like evaluating an expression for many inputs.
- C2.2Coming soonDecomposing a problem into codeBreak a situation into computational steps and write code that runs them.
- C2.3Coming soonReading and changing codePredict what code will output and alter it to meet new constraints.
- C3.1Coming soonLinear or not?Compare graphs, tables and equations of linear and non-linear relations and explain how to tell them apart.
- C3.2Coming soonRepresenting linear relationsShow a linear relation with a table, a graph and an equation, and move between them.
- C3.3Coming soonWhere two lines meetCompare two linear relations and interpret their point of intersection in context.
- C4.1Coming soonRate of changeInterpret slope as a constant rate of change in a linear relation, and initial value as the intercept.
- C4.2Coming soonGraphing from an equationGraph lines given as x = k, y = k, ax + by = k and y = mx + b.
- C4.3Coming soonTransforming linesTranslate, reflect and rotate a line and describe how its equation changes.
- C4.4Coming soonEquation from a graph or tableFind the equation of a line from two points, a graph or a table.
Strand D6
Data
One- and two-variable data, scatter plots, and mathematical modelling.
- D1.1Coming soonBig data and its implicationsDescribe a current situation that involves a large amount of data and its potential impacts.
- D1.2Coming soonOne-variable dataRepresent and analyse one-variable data with appropriate graphs and summary measures.
- D1.3Coming soonScatter plots and lines of best fitCreate a scatter plot for two variables, describe the trend and draw a line of best fit.
- D1.4Coming soonPredicting and correlationUse a line of best fit to make predictions and describe the strength of a correlation.
- D2.1Coming soonWhy model mathematicallyDescribe the value of mathematical modelling and how it is used to make decisions.
- D2.2Coming soonModelling a real situationApply the modelling process to a real-life situation and communicate the results.
Strand E6
Geometry and Measurement
Geometric relationships, units, dimensions, and composite measures.
- E1.1Coming soonWhere a geometry idea came fromResearch the history of a geometric concept, like pi or the Pythagorean theorem.
- E1.2Coming soonDesigns with geometric relationshipsCreate and analyse designs using angles, symmetry and shapes.
- E1.3Coming soonConverting unitsSolve problems converting within and between measurement systems.
- E1.4Coming soonChanging dimensionsShow how changing a dimension changes perimeter, area, surface area and volume.
- E1.5Coming soonComposite shapes and solidsSolve problems involving perimeter, area, surface area and volume of composite figures.
- E1.6Coming soonPythagoras and similar trianglesUse the Pythagorean theorem and similar triangles to find unknown lengths.
Strand F4
Financial Literacy
Financial decisions, appreciation and depreciation, credit, budgets.
- F1.1Coming soonLearning from a financial situationAnalyse a past or current financial situation and what it teaches about decisions.
- F1.2Coming soonAppreciation and depreciationIdentify things that gain or lose value over time and model the change.
- F1.3Coming soonComparing creditCompare interest rates, fees and rewards on credit options and explain the trade-offs.
- F1.4Coming soonAdjusting a budgetModify a budget to reflect a change in circumstances and justify the changes.
English (ENL1W)
The Ontario Curriculum, Grade 9: English, 2023 (de-streamed) · 17 concepts
Strand A3
Literacy Connections and Applications
Transferable skills, digital media literacy, and applying literacy across contexts.
- A1.1Coming soonTransferable skills in literacyUse critical thinking, communication and collaboration skills across every subject.
- A2.1Coming soonDigital media literacyEvaluate online sources, understand digital citizenship and create media responsibly.
- A3.1Coming soonMany voices in Canadian textsRead and discuss texts by Indigenous, Black and diverse Canadian creators and connect them to identity.
Strand B4
Foundations of Language
Oral communication, word-level skills, vocabulary and conventions.
- B1.1Coming soonListening and speaking to learnListen actively, speak clearly and adapt to purpose and audience in discussion and presentation.
- B2.1Coming soonWord structure and vocabularyUse morphology and context to read and learn new words, including academic vocabulary.
- B3.1Coming soonSentence structure and grammarUse varied sentence structures and correct grammar to make meaning clear.
- B3.2Coming soonPunctuation and spellingApply punctuation and spelling conventions accurately in polished work.
Strand C5
Comprehension: Understanding and Responding to Texts
Text forms, comprehension strategies and critical thinking.
- C1.1Coming soonText forms and their featuresIdentify forms, genres and features of texts and how they shape meaning.
- C2.1Coming soonComprehension strategiesUse strategies before, during and after reading to make sense of complex texts.
- C2.2Coming soonAnalysing literary devicesExplain how imagery, figurative language and structure create effect.
- C3.1Coming soonPerspective and biasAnalyse whose perspective a text presents, whose is missing, and how that shapes the message.
- C3.2Coming soonEvaluating argumentsJudge the reasoning and evidence in persuasive and informational texts.
Strand D5
Composition: Expressing Ideas and Creating Texts
Planning, drafting, revising, publishing, and reflecting.
- D1.1Coming soonPurpose, audience and researchPlan writing for a purpose and audience and gather ideas from sources, with citations.
- D2.1Coming soonCreating texts in many formsWrite narratives, essays, reports and media texts using the conventions of each form.
- D2.2Coming soonVoice, tone and word choiceShape voice and tone through word choice and sentence variety.
- D3.1Coming soonRevising and editingRevise for ideas and organization, then edit for conventions, using feedback.
- D3.2Coming soonPublishing and reflectingPublish work in a chosen medium and reflect on growth as a writer.
Science (SNC1W)
The Ontario Curriculum, Grade 9: Science, 2022 (de-streamed) · 24 concepts
Strand A3
STEM Investigation and Communication Skills
Scientific inquiry, engineering design, and careers.
- A1.1Coming soonScientific investigationPlan and carry out investigations with controlled variables, record data, and communicate findings.
- A1.2Coming soonEngineering designApply the design process to build and improve a solution to a problem.
- A2.1Coming soonScience in careers and communitiesConnect science to careers, Indigenous knowledge and community issues.
Strand B5
Biology: Sustainable Ecosystems and Climate Change
Ecosystems, human impact, and climate.
- B1.1Coming soonAssessing human impact on ecosystemsEvaluate the effects of human activity on an ecosystem and possible solutions.
- B2.1Coming soonEcosystem structureDescribe biotic and abiotic components, populations, communities and biomes.
- B2.2Coming soonEnergy flow and cyclesTrace energy through food webs and matter through the carbon and water cycles.
- B2.3Coming soonClimate change: causes and evidenceExplain the greenhouse effect, human contributions and evidence of a changing climate.
- B2.4Coming soonSustainability and stewardshipDescribe sustainable practices and Indigenous perspectives on caring for the land.
Strand C6
Chemistry: Atoms, Elements and Compounds
Atomic theory, the periodic table, and compounds.
- C1.1Coming soonChemicals in everyday lifeAssess the risks and benefits of common chemicals and their disposal.
- C2.1Coming soonAtomic theory and the atomDescribe the development of atomic theory and the structure of the atom: protons, neutrons, electrons.
- C2.2Coming soonBohr-Rutherford diagramsDraw atoms and ions for the first 20 elements.
- C2.3Coming soonThe periodic tableExplain groups, periods and trends, and predict properties from position.
- C2.4Coming soonIonic and molecular compoundsTell ionic from molecular compounds, name them and write formulas.
- C2.5Coming soonPhysical and chemical changeDistinguish physical from chemical changes using evidence.
Strand D6
Physics: Electricity and Magnetism
Static and current electricity, circuits, and electromagnetism.
- D1.1Coming soonElectricity choicesAssess how electricity is generated and used, and the impacts of each source.
- D2.1Coming soonStatic electricityExplain charging by friction, contact and induction, and the law of electric charges.
- D2.2Coming soonCurrent, voltage and resistanceDefine current, potential difference and resistance and measure them in a circuit.
- D2.3Coming soonSeries and parallel circuitsBuild and analyse series and parallel circuits and predict their behaviour.
- D2.4Coming soonOhm's lawUse V = IR to solve circuit problems.
- D2.5Coming soonMagnetism and electromagnetismDescribe magnetic fields, electromagnets, motors and generators.
Strand E4
Earth and Space: Space Exploration
The universe, celestial objects, and exploring space.
- E1.1Coming soonCosts and benefits of space explorationAssess the value of space exploration and satellite technology to society.
- E2.1Coming soonThe universe and its originsDescribe the Big Bang and evidence for it, and the scale of the universe.
- E2.2Coming soonStars, galaxies and the solar systemDescribe the life cycle of stars and the components of the solar system.
- E2.3Coming soonTechnology for exploring spaceExplain how telescopes, probes and human spaceflight gather knowledge, and the effects of space on humans.
Issues in Canadian Geography (CGC1W)
The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10: Canadian and World Studies, 2018 (CGC1D/CGC1P; de-streamed as CGC1W) · 14 concepts
Strand A2
Geographic Inquiry and Skill Development
Inquiry, spatial skills and maps.
- A1.1Coming soonGeographic inquiryFormulate questions, gather and interpret data, and communicate findings on a geographic issue.
- A1.2Coming soonReading and making mapsUse scale, direction, grids, thematic maps and GIS to represent spatial information.
Strand B3
Interactions in the Physical Environment
Landforms, climate, natural processes and disasters.
- B1.1Coming soonCanada's physical regionsDescribe the landform, climate and vegetation regions of Canada and how they formed.
- B1.2Coming soonClimate and weather patternsExplain the factors that shape Canada's climates and the effects of climate change on them.
- B1.3Coming soonNatural hazardsAnalyse the causes and effects of natural disasters in Canada and how communities prepare.
Strand C3
Managing Canada's Resources and Industries
Natural resources, industries, and sustainability.
- C1.1Coming soonResource use and sustainabilityAssess how Canada uses natural resources and the impacts on the environment and communities.
- C1.2Coming soonIndustries and the economyDescribe Canada's primary, secondary and tertiary industries and where they are.
- C1.3Coming soonEnergy in CanadaCompare energy sources used in Canada and their trade-offs.
Strand D3
Changing Populations
Demographics, immigration, Indigenous communities and settlement.
- D1.1Coming soonPopulation patternsInterpret population pyramids and describe trends in growth, age and distribution.
- D1.2Coming soonImmigration and diversityExplain patterns of immigration and their impact on Canadian communities.
- D1.3Coming soonIndigenous communities and landDescribe the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the land, including treaties.
Strand E3
Liveable Communities
Urban growth, land use, transportation and quality of life.
- E1.1Coming soonWhat makes a community liveableAnalyse factors that affect quality of life in Canadian communities.
- E1.2Coming soonLand use and urban growthDescribe land-use patterns and issues of urban sprawl and transportation.
- E1.3Coming soonPlanning a sustainable communityPropose improvements to a community's sustainability and liveability.
Core French (FSF1D)
The Ontario Curriculum: French as a Second Language, Core French Grades 9-12, 2014 · 8 concepts
Strand A2
Listening
Understanding spoken French and listening to interact.
- A1.1Coming soonListening to understandUnderstand the main idea and details of spoken French on familiar topics using strategies.
- A2.1Coming soonListening to interactFollow and respond appropriately in a conversation.
Strand B2
Speaking
Speaking to communicate and to interact.
- B1.1Coming soonSpeaking to communicatePresent ideas in French with accurate pronunciation and appropriate vocabulary.
- B2.1Coming soonSpeaking to interactTake part in guided and open conversations, asking and answering questions.
Strand C2
Reading
Comprehension, purpose and features of French texts.
- C1.1Coming soonReading comprehensionUnderstand a variety of French texts using strategies and knowledge of vocabulary and grammar.
- C2.1Coming soonPurpose, form and intercultural understandingIdentify the purpose and features of texts and what they show about French-speaking communities.
Strand D2
Writing
Writing for a purpose and applying the writing process.
- D1.1Coming soonWriting to communicateWrite French texts for a purpose and audience using appropriate forms and vocabulary.
- D2.1Coming soonThe writing process in FrenchPlan, draft, revise and edit French writing, applying grammar conventions.
Healthy Active Living Education (PPL1O)
The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 to 12: Health and Physical Education, 2015 · 10 concepts
Strand A3
Active Living
Participation, fitness and safety.
- A1.1Coming soonActive participationTake part regularly in physical activities and explain the benefits.
- A1.2Coming soonPersonal fitnessAssess fitness and set and pursue personal goals.
- A1.3Coming soonSafetyFollow safety practices and respond appropriately to injury.
Strand B2
Movement Competence
Skills, concepts and strategies.
- B1.1Coming soonMovement skills and conceptsPerform movement skills with control and apply movement principles.
- B1.2Coming soonStrategies and tacticsApply strategies in a range of physical activities and games.
Strand C5
Healthy Living
Health concepts, choices and connections.
- C1.1Coming soonHealthy eatingAnalyse food choices, nutrition labels and influences on eating.
- C1.2Coming soonPersonal safety and injury preventionAssess risks, including online, and know how to stay safe and get help.
- C1.3Coming soonSubstance use and addictionsAnalyse effects of substances and factors that influence use.
- C1.4Coming soonHuman development and sexual healthExplain healthy relationships, consent and reproductive health.
- C1.5Coming soonMental health and well-beingDescribe factors that support mental health and strategies for coping and getting help.
Religious Education: Discipleship and Culture (HRE1O)
Catholic boards · Ontario Catholic Secondary Curriculum Policy Document: Religious Education, Grades 9-12 (Institute for Catholic Education, 2016) · 11 concepts
Strand A2
Scripture (SC)
Reading the Bible as the Word of God and the story of discipleship.
- A1.1Coming soonHow the Bible is organizedNavigate the Old and New Testaments and describe the kinds of writing in them.
- A1.2Coming soonThe call of the disciplesRead the Gospel accounts of Jesus calling disciples and what discipleship asks.
Strand B2
Profession of Faith (PF)
Core beliefs of the Catholic faith.
- B1.1Coming soonThe CreedExplain the main statements of the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds.
- B1.2Coming soonJesus and the Kingdom of GodDescribe Jesus' teaching about the Kingdom and how the Church continues it.
Strand C2
Christian Moral Development (CM)
Conscience, virtue and moral decision-making.
- C1.1Coming soonForming a conscienceDescribe how conscience is formed and used in moral decisions.
- C1.2Coming soonVirtues and characterExplain the cardinal and theological virtues and their role in daily life.
Strand D2
Prayer and Sacramental Life (PS)
Prayer, liturgy and the sacraments.
- D1.1Coming soonForms of prayerPractise and compare different forms of prayer in the Catholic tradition.
- D1.2Coming soonSacraments of initiationExplain Baptism, Confirmation and Eucharist and their place in Christian life.
Strand E2
Family Life (FL)
Relationships, sexuality and the family in Catholic teaching.
- E1.1Coming soonHealthy relationshipsDescribe respectful relationships, friendship and dating in light of Catholic teaching.
- E1.2Coming soonHuman dignity and sexualityExplain Catholic teaching on the dignity of the person and chastity.
Strand F1
Research and Inquiry Skills (RI)
Investigating questions of faith and culture.
- F1.1Coming soonInquiry in religious studiesFormulate questions, gather sources and communicate findings on a topic of faith and culture.