Ontario, Canada · Curriculum spine
Grade 9
14 concepts across 1 subject. Codes follow the ministry's own expectation numbers; where a course is broken into bites (chapter.bite), each bite names the expectations it covers.
Issues in Canadian Geography (CGC1W)
The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10: Canadian and World Studies, 2018 (CGC1D/CGC1P; de-streamed as CGC1W) · 14 concepts
Strand A2
Geographic Inquiry and Skill Development
Inquiry, spatial skills and maps.
- A1.1Coming to StudioGeographic inquiryFormulate questions, gather and interpret data, and communicate findings on a geographic issue.
- A1.2Coming to StudioReading and making mapsUse scale, direction, grids, thematic maps and GIS to represent spatial information.
Strand B3
Interactions in the Physical Environment
Landforms, climate, natural processes and disasters.
- B1.1Coming to StudioCanada's physical regionsDescribe the landform, climate and vegetation regions of Canada and how they formed.
- B1.2Coming to StudioClimate and weather patternsExplain the factors that shape Canada's climates and the effects of climate change on them.
- B1.3Coming to StudioNatural hazardsAnalyse the causes and effects of natural disasters in Canada and how communities prepare.
Strand C3
Managing Canada's Resources and Industries
Natural resources, industries, and sustainability.
- C1.1Coming to StudioResource use and sustainabilityAssess how Canada uses natural resources and the impacts on the environment and communities.
- C1.2Coming to StudioIndustries and the economyDescribe Canada's primary, secondary and tertiary industries and where they are.
- C1.3Coming to StudioEnergy in CanadaCompare energy sources used in Canada and their trade-offs.
Strand D3
Changing Populations
Demographics, immigration, Indigenous communities and settlement.
- D1.1Coming to StudioPopulation patternsInterpret population pyramids and describe trends in growth, age and distribution.
- D1.2Coming to StudioImmigration and diversityExplain patterns of immigration and their impact on Canadian communities.
- D1.3Coming to StudioIndigenous communities and landDescribe the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the land, including treaties.
Strand E3
Liveable Communities
Urban growth, land use, transportation and quality of life.
- E1.1Coming to StudioWhat makes a community liveableAnalyse factors that affect quality of life in Canadian communities.
- E1.2Coming to StudioLand use and urban growthDescribe land-use patterns and issues of urban sprawl and transportation.
- E1.3Coming to StudioPlanning a sustainable communityPropose improvements to a community's sustainability and liveability.